Consecutive ruling machine



H. EDELMANN CONSECUTIVE RULING MACHINE Oct. 19, 1948.

3 Sheets$heet 1 Filed July 27, 1944 INVENTOR.

Oct. 19, 1948. H. EDELMANN CONSECUTIVE RULING MACHINE Filed July 27, 1944 N m w m m 3 M MQK Y we .B I hm mm tn w MI! ll fi/ 3 S .3 $6 I rlw \Q 1 w HI C Q Q n v h T M q M MVMM. 4 N m \m. m $3 w m .v RQH. R. M Q kw mm Patented Oct. 19, 1948 ED 1S P FFHIEk oonseonrlvn RULfNG-VM AGHINE' Harry Ede'lniann;ClvelahQ'Qhio Application July 27, lawsuits-1N0. 546337 l 8 Claims.

Ilhis invention relates to machines which are especially adapted dorlthe purpose of .ruli-ng lines upon sheets 'ofnmaterial :such as paper or pho rtogra phic negatives containing :head-ings at the top EI'Id/IOIIOIIB OIEbOthEOf the sides thereoiwthere by to produce verticaland/or 'horizqntal columns .correspondingrto the saidheadings. Itis the general purpose and object of lthein-vention to produce a machine rof this character which is "capable of enabling-a'sheet v(whether it consists of paper or of aifilm-negatiue) tobe conveniently lined up with reference to thefrulinggpoint orstylus; which is capable of enabling overlapping and variouslyspaced lines to be -:ruled in "a particularly i001).- Menientnami" efiectit/ew manner' and; which will :enable the quick and accurate spacing between lines'to be ruled to bereadilyaccomplished.

:Furthervand more :limited objects of the invention will be set forth hereinafter and will be real- "izable in and through the construction =a-nd er- .rangem'ent of partsshown in the drawings hereof wherein Eig. lrepresents fa aperspective plan view of the major portion of a machine constructed-in accordance-with :myai-nvention; Fig. '2 a vertical sectional 'viewzthroughthe said machine showing ithe operating partsthereof-inelevation; Fig. 3 an enlarged detail ,in section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of :the arrows; Fig. 4a side elevationalsview of the ratchetand-pawl mechanism rforr imparting wariable movements to :the .spacing block (on which the pointer-supporting yoke is ,pivptally mounted and Big. 5 ,a..detai 1 in perspectine ofaone of l the meme bers of the split lnutwhich is mounted within the spacinglblockh l n .The machine 'shown hereincbmD-rises generally a worktable having sidelrails, albed plate of translucent material above .thesaidlrai ls on which the object .to be ruled is placed, with a .hood and fluorescent lampbeneath the bed plate, landa carlriagtermovable along said tailsandprovided with mechanism for supporting a ruling point and for imparting a variable movement to the latter whereby any desired spacing between, or overlapping of lines ruled thereby may be obtained, Describing thelvarious .partshy reference char acters, 18' and l l' designate therside rails and I2 the front'cross rail of 'a work table, the same being supported by legs '13. Supported by antidepending from theinner surfaces of the rails 'is a .LJ-shaped hood I! of .opaquematerial having 'a fiuorescent lamp !5 supported adjacent to the bottom thereof and extending substantially the full length o'fthe working surface of a ibe'd plate l6 oftranslucent material, such as ground glass,

hand of vFig. 1. a

the frorrt end ofwhich -is shown as supported abonethe rails :l-fl and :H by means of posts .11 S81 cured the rail =l-2,l,being mounted upon .thesaid postswby means of angle brackets 48 whichkre ceive the vcorners cf the glass, the brackets atone side of the glass being provided withwclamping' screws vI 9 to retain the glass in place. The bracb etsenabIe the glass to ibe iaccurately positioned for cooperation with the line-ruling "mechanism, One of thesebrackets iss indicated at the wright 20 denotes :alstop clamp. which is shownlas adjusta-bly secured uponthetrail ,H by a .clamp screw 21 the purpose-of which will lbe explained here inafter. T ,F'orQ-con venience of description, the-(portion of the Lmachine; which -is equipped; with the canriage having incorporated therewith means which enables the workman to operate the same will be referred to hereinafter as;the fliront ofl'lthe machine agndlthe oppositelend :asthe ,inearl" 2,2 dc-1 notes areal; head and 23 airont head of the carriage. saidfl ieads, supporting vertically spaced guide rods "24 and} 5 and interposed lead screw 26. Slidably mounted upon the guide rodsiswhat Iterm alspacing'block 2 and thronghwhich ,the said guide rods and lead screw extend, the latter having anon-driving connection with thegbloclg. A split nut comprising members 2 8 is mountedfin thesaid spacing block withina guideborafl e;- tendin'g ffore-and-af t. through thesaid block, one of the members; 28 "being ,shown ln perspective in Fig. 5. [The internal threads .on' these members are normally held in engagement with the thread on'the lead screw by means of springs '30: fnoun in recesses in opposed surfaces of the npperpor t'iodoi "the spacing bloclgand pressing 'atfthejr outer ends agains't levers 31 which are -,p1vo d between lugs 32 carried by thesa'id bldclgabove the bore 29 the lower ends of jthe leversextending between andbeing pivoted to lugs 33ftwith which the outer ends of :the nutmembeIsZB are provided, l

34 denotesa slot whichextends upwardly from the bottom of the spacingblock 21. '35 denotes an arm whichfextends from the said block towarid :the remote end of the bed plate, the sa'id ar n extending through and beyond the said slotpand being pivotally supported from the block by means of pivot screws 36 whicha're mounted with in the portions of the block dnopP 'ite sides of .the slot and the inner ends o'fwwhichlscrews engage the oppositesides of thegportion of the arm within the slot. The axis of thelarm 35 .is parallel with t'he s'ide rails 4m and in. At its operating 3 end, the arm has a clamp 31 adjustably secured to the outboard end of the same by a screw 38. The clamp is slotted for the reception of the ruling stylus or point 39 which is secured in place within the slot by means of a set screw 40.

M denotes an arm projecting from the head 22 within which one end of a cam shaft 42 is rotatably supported, the opposite end being journaled within the head ,23. The cam shaft 42 is provided with an operating lever. 42 attached thereto adjacent to the head '23. The shaft also extends through arms 43 projecting from the spacing block 21, the portion of the shaft between said arms having slidably secured thereto a sleeve 44 provided with a cam 45. Between the arms 43, the portion of the arm 35 therebeneath is provided with a bolt 46 the head 41 whereof is adapted to be engaged by the cam surface 45%..

whereby, by rotating the shaft 42 toward the left, the portion of the arm 35 therebeneath will be depressed and the outer end of the needle-carrying portion of said arm will be raised. However, by rotating the shaft further to the right than is shown in Fig. 3, the cam will not only be disengaged from the bolt head 41 but its toe 45 will engage the external surface of the adjacent split nut member 28 thereby to prevent separation of the nutmembersand their disengagement from the lead screwduring the ruling movement of the carriage, and the needle carryingarm will then be full floating. In practice, the weight of the portion of the arm which is opposed to the needlecarrying portion thereof is insufficient to balance the latterportionof said arm, but the downward reactionof the latter portion may be insufficient to enable the'needle to'scrape the emulsion off the film, in which event weights sufficient to secure this result may be placed within the cup 48. By varying themass ,of the weights in said cup, the operating end of the point 39 may be made to exert a corresponding pressure uponthe sheet 49, and where the'sheet is a film negative, to penetrate the emulsionthe'reon to any desired depth;

In order toenable the sheet 49 to be properly indexed for the ruling operation, I provide the bed plate I6 with a central fore-and-aft line 50 and the sheet with notches or similar marks in opposed edges of the same, as indicated at whereby, bymounting the sheet upon the bed plate'with the' notches in one pair of opposed edges in register with the line 5|], lines may be ruled on the said sheet in parallelism with the line 50; and, byfgiving the sheet a quarter turn and registering the notches or marks in the other opposed edges with the line 50, parallel lines may be ruled at right angles .to the former lines. In practice, when the sheet has been lined up properly withthe indexing line 59, it may be secured to the bed plate by means of adhesive tabs. Where a sheet is wider than the bed plate, the portion which is not being operated upon may be deflected over the rear edge of the bed plate and be extended downwardywithin the rail I0 and the adjacent side of the hood I4, the portion of the sheet which is adjacent to the rear edge of the bed plate being held down by means of a clamp plate 52 which may be raised and lowered by means of screws 53 connected thereto and threadedly mounted in the overhanging arms of angle brackets 54,, secured to the rail I0.

I 55 denotes a supporting arm which is connected to the center of the outboard surface of the spacing block 21, above the arm35, by means of a bolt 56., Adjustably mounted upon this arm 55 is an indexing member 51 provided with an indexing line 58 theeron, the purpose of which will be explained hereinafter.

Projecting in an outboard direction from the heads 22 and 23 are arms 59 and 60 having recessed seats 59 and 60 therein, respectively, for the reception of pintles 6|, 6I on the ends of a ruler 62 which is polygonal in section, being shown here as rectangular or square. One of the pintlesGI is mounted for rotation in a cupped seat 63- in a spring steel plate 63 secured to the arm 59, while the opposite pintle is square in section, thereby to be received and retained against rotation in the correspondingly-shaped seat 60*. The end of the pintle 6W is provided with a conical recess for the reception of the pointed end of an adjusting screw 64 mounted on the arm 64. The sides of the rule are graduated in accordance with different scales of measurement, for convenience of line-spacing. By this manner of constructing and mounting the rule, the same maybe adjusted lengthwise thereof, to bring any graduation thereon, within the range of'longitudinal adjustment thereof, into alignment with the indexing line 58 and may also be liftedfrom its seat, rotated, and reseated thereby to utilize any of the scales of measurement on the respective faces thereof for the spacing and ruling of lines by the point 39.

The front end of the lead screw 26 has an operating handle 65 secured thereto whereby the screw may be rotated, thereby to move the spacing block 21 and the point '39 to any desired position with respect to the bed plate and to the sheet to be ruled. By pressing together the finger pieces provided at the tops of the levers 3|, the nut segments will be separated, and the spacing block, together with the cam and point-supporting arm, can be moved quickly to any desired position along the lead screw 'after which, by releasing the grip upon the finger pieces, a driving connection will bereestablished through the split nut between the lead screwand the spacing block. I

65 denotes a block pivotally secured to the head '23 by means of a screw I56 (see Fig. 2). 61 denotes a detent pawl which is pivotally mounted upon the outboard face of'the block 65 by means of the screw 68, the said pawl being provided at one end with a finger piece 61 and at its opposite end with the detent proper 61 A spring 69, also secured to the block 65, normally holds the detent end of the pawl in engagement with the teeth upon a ratchet wheel 10, mounted upon and rigidly secured to the lead screw 26. II denotes an operating arm or lever which is loosely mounted upon the lead screw and which has a feed pawl I2 pivotally secured thereto, as indicated at I3. Normally the operating end of the feed pawl is pressed into engagement with the ratchet teeth by means of a spring 14 also attached to the arm II. The pawl 12 is provided with a tail I2 which, when the arm II is moved upwardly a sufficient distance, will engage a projection15 upon the block 65*, thereby to disengage the pawl from the ratchet. 16 denotes a stop pin projecting outwardly from the head 23 and which is adapted to be engaged by the arm II when the latter is swung downwardly from the position shown in Fig. 1.

With the parts constructed and arranged as thus far described, it will be evident that, by first moving the arm II into engagement with the stop pin I6, the ratchet Wheel may thereafter be rotated by the arm II through amaximum distance determined by the engagement of the tail of the *partedto the lead screw, with :a correspondingly slight movement :of :the spacing Tblock and the ruling :poin't. In :practice, this distance :may .iim- 'part an advance of only fi =inch to the spacing block and the point, and this distance Wilhenaole the point to rule a heavy line by over-lapping dn :part "a "line which it has previousl drawn. 4 Gbw-iously, by repeating this operationxanyhdesired width of asingle line can'ibelruled. l

"By :moving the arm'i'lll from the :stop until the "tail of the pawl '12 :engages the stop 15 "the l s carriage and point will the advanced :a distance to :secure the desired spacing :'between itwo dines comprising .a "fdouble line." *Variations ::1n the width of this double-line spacing canrbezacoomplished by loosening the screw H6 and rotating the block fifi' leither upwardly-orrdownwandhl.

"When it is desired :to operate the rleadrscnew by the arm G5, {the toperator sshnultaneously grasps :the finger piece at! :of the zdetentrpawl {6J1 rand the .arm M, bringing ithese elements to the positions shown in Fig. A. This :will result Iin disengaging both the feed :pawl rand ithe :detent rpa-wl ifllomithfi zratchet wheel, 'whereunon {the cmerator can rotate :thezlead screw directly :hy diis other :hand through the arm 65, 23nd thefispaci-ing rblockzand thepointz39 can be movedzqnickiy to the desired position for rulingzthemcnt line, which position may be ascertainedz by reference to-therule 2. Asmointedlout hereinbefore, when it :is desired to traverse the spacing block 11 .s iquichl y along its supporting rods 28 and ,24, the operator merely pr sses together :the ;-handle pieces on the levers 3|, thereby releasing !the .lead screw lfromsengagcment by the split nut,

whereupon the block is iree to .be ,moved quickly to its desired position, or to a EDOSitiQI-l approxilmating the :same, .Whereafter iit may he,.accuratcly positioned by releasing the pressured-upon the .handle pieces and op erating .the block by the lcadscrewandhandlerfifi. L

The carriage supporting the ruling ,noin-tand the mechanism :for operating andadjusting the same, comprising ,the parts TIM-J5 "hereinbefore described, are cslidably mounted upon the rails Ill and H in t e followingmanner: 1'! denotes an an arm depending "fromtthe headztand 'to-which is halted an arm 18 having at thefbottom "a yoke '19, in which a rollermi is joprnaled. ".81 denotes an invertedV-shaped m'etallichousing'il'l which is secured intermediate or its-length to a block 82, depending from :the head 23, by means *of screws 82 and an interposed flll'erblock83. Secured-to and-within opposite ends ofthehousing 81 are blocks 84, these blocksforming supports for the-shafts 85 on which'rollersafi are support? UGO ed in an inclined position, whereby'they memooperate with the -0ppositely inclined surfaces thetop of the rail l'| This manner ofssupporting themechanis-m from the rollers 80 and 8 6 prov-ides a *three-point support; :and the shape of the rail 1 l, in cooperation with the rollers 86, wrevents any ilateral distortion of the carriage tend :th-erpartsofthemechanism supported bytthe rails.

In practice, :the rollers :are mounted :on bail rbearings and the consequent 'free movement lot :1

the carriage sand the operating mechan sm sported "thereby is such "that TI vhave provided the :same :with :brake mechanism which may "head: :instcdrto :offset any :exccsszfirecdom {Qf increment.

:hrake tmechanismcomprises :a brake .tblnck :75

'81 which mounted (upon :an adjusting :screw 288 threaded into :a hanger 1&9 "depending rthejhlockiflgthere "being so coi'lcdrspning 9.!) .surrounding the adjusting {screw :and interposed Lbetween-thedolockzhl andthejhanger. -'I;heclamp $106k.FbGiHIfiJMStEdiaIOHgIthG rail M to any desired :position to lhmit rthze {extent :of the re-- turn movement of the carriage, :by engaging the tadiacent end :-()f the housing 181, being secured tinusuchzposition byithe screwf'zd. :An armcdl secuned :to ithe narriage and havinga knob :92 ithe11eion provides uneans whereby :the fDDBIfltDI :may reciprocate the carriage and the point :39 Lion- (gitudinallyrof the itable and enable the point to :;draw 'lines iupon the sheet on the bedplate by tmovementvof :the carriage to the right.

with :the parts constructed .and arranged as described, "it is :believed that the operationwil-l -be readily :understood. The negative ,or .sother ,sheet upon which lines are to :be ruled having iheen secured upon the bed plate,:with the notches :or :marks tupon zone vpair of opposed edges aligned with :the :central fore-'andeaft :line :50 @upon the shed 11313138 rand with the fluorescent lamp illuminated, the operator rotates the :cam shaft 42 :to :rthe ,left, thereby lifting the point 39 =so't'hat it :Will 40168:! the :sheet and, grasping the knob :92 with the rather ahand :moves :the carriage :as :far forwardly as necessary. Heathen rotatesthe :cam

, :shaft in :the opposite adirection'until :the gtoecupon the l cam engages the :rear :nut section 28 :beneath 'Ethe 'lugsSiB :which will leave 1 the;arml;35 ifull float .ing;" the weights in the span r48 ldctennining the .epressure :to the :exerted :upon :the sheet or film thy ':the :point. He then moves the Lcarriageto the right a distance :correspon-ding 5110 .the length-of :the vfine which :it ;is desired to rule, :following which the rotates the cam shaft :to lift the :point tout io'f contact :with the sheet and imparts ;a .movement to the spacing block sufiicienit vto ten- ;ablewdthe :nextfiline 170 be drawn by operating the .lead screw :in the manner described hereinbe fiore. When the required :number of lines "has Jceen drawn, the will be jlifted from the :sheet by rotation 501' :the cam shaft :and, if 'lines (at rightianglesto thosenreviouslyl-drawn are re. ciuired, the :sheet will ;be given a "quarter turn and lined up with respect "to the zfore-andaait 311116 511, 'whereafter the point mayie :moved quickly :to tthe ncwistarting position or to ca point approximating the samexby releasing the driviing connection {between :the ,atraversing block and the lead screw by means "of the levers .31, :as nexnlainedrhmteinbemre. Astpointed rout .hereinbefore, the construction of the :tule :a-nd the :manner of :mounting :the :Same enables me :to utilize efiiciently any :of the scales 13f measurement on the respective faces fthereof in connection with the spacing and muliingoflincssby thepointda. c

:In practice, the table is so constructed .ttbat the hediplate dorms .:an angle .zorlappnoximately 20 with :a horizontal pla-ne, :sloping mnwardl away-5mm the tonerator. This contributes unatetiallyio the-facility of operation.

:By :utilizin a translucent material.- such gas round .glass, :for the bed late, land with a 11110 rescent iflaxnp :in connection therewith :placed within an nnaque hood, the sheet upon which li es are $0 the drawn will be teilectively illumt hate thereby contributing to the 21 9131111237" oi the irnlinglnneration.

in th machine whichiis villustrated herein, the

thine-drawing implement is :shown as (a zneedle, which mecessari-ly used where lm -y invention operates upon-the emulsion of a negative. Obviously, by substituting a rulin pen for the needle, the machine can operate for the purpose of ruling lines upon paper.

Due to the construction and arrangement of parts, it will be evident that I have produced a machine for the purpose indicated which is comparatively simple in construction and economical of production but which enables it readily to realize efiiciently all of the objectives which machines of this character should accomplish.

Having thus described. my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with a table having a bed plate thereon forthe support of sheets to be ruled,- of a carriage movable fore-and-aft of said table, a spacing block, a ruling point secured to said block, a lead screw supported by said carriage and having a driving connection with the said block, guide rods supported bythe said carriage and extending through the spacing block above and below the lead screw, means for operating the said lead screw, and means for reciprocating the said carriage longitudinally of said bed plate.

2. In the machine set forth in claim 1, the carriage having opposed heads and the opposite ends of the lead screw and the guide rods being supported by the said heads.

3. In the machine set forth in claim 1 wherein said table has opposed rails, a brake device connected to the said carriage and comprising a block adapted to engage one of the said rails, and operating means for adjusting the said block thereby to vary the braking effect of the device upon the rail with which it cooperates.

4. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with a table having a bed plate thereon for the support of sheets to be ruled, of a carriage movable fore-and-aft of said table,

a spacing block supported by said carriage for movement thereon transversely'of said bed plate, a ruling point secured to said block, the said spacing block having a bore extending thereth-rough transversely of said bed'plate and a bore also extending therethrough longitudinally of said bed plate, a lead screw supported by said carriage and extending through the first mentioned bore and being of less diameter than the internal diameter of the said bore, split nut members mounted in opposite ends of the second bore and each provided at its inner end with threads adapted to engage the threads on the lead screw, and means carried by the said spacing block for moving the split nut members into 'and out of driving engagement with the lead screw', the means for moving the split nut members into and out of driving engagement with'the lead screw comprising a projection on the outer end of each of the said nut members, levers pivoted on the front and rear sides of the spacing block and secured to the respective projections on the split nut members, and springs interposed between the levers and the sides of the spacing block to which they are respectively pivoted and tending to force toward each other the ends of the levers secured to the said projections.

5, In a machine of the character described, the combination, with a table having a bed plate thereon for the support of sheets to be ruled, of a carriage movable fore and aft of said table, said carriage comprising a front head anda rear head, a lead screwsupported by the'sai-d heads, a spacing block having a driving connection with said lead screw, means connected with said lead screw for efiecting direct rotation'of the latter thereby tomove the said block transversely with ing said ratchet wheel, a stop on the front head adaptedto engage the arm thereby to limit its movement and the movement of the pawl in a non-driving direction, a block adjustably'mounted upon the front head and provided with a stop spaced from .the former stop and adapted by contact Of the pawl therewith to disengage the latter from the ratchet wheel whereby, when the pawl is brought into contact with the second mentioned stop, the lead screw may be rotated in either direction by the means connected there to for effecting direct rotationthereof.

6. In the machine recited in claim 5, there being a detent pawl pivoted upon the said block for engaging the said ratchet wheel and provided with a finger piece extending above and beyond the stop on the said block which is adapted to be engaged by the pawl on the said arm whereby, when the said arm is moved to a position to bring the pawl thereon into contact with the stop on the said block thereby to disengage the pawl on the said arm from the ratchet wheel, the detent pawl may be disengaged from the ratchet wheel by the operation of its finger piece and the lead screw may be rotated directly while the pawls are thus disengaged.

7. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with a table having a bed plate thereon'for thesupport of sheets to be ruled, of a carriage movable fore-and-aft of said table, a spacing block supported by said carriage for movement thereon transversely of said bed plate, an arm extending fore-and-aft of the bed plate and having a rulin point at its forward end, the said arm being pivotally connected to the bottom of the said spacing block and extending rearwardly therebeyond, the said spacing block having a bore extending therethrough transversely of said bed plate anda bore also extending therethrough longitudinally of said bed plate, a lead screwsup-ported by said carriage and extending through the first mentioned bore and, being of less diameter than the internal diameter of the said bore, split nut members mounted. in opposite ends of the second bore and each provided at its inner end with threads adapted to engage the threads on the lead screw, means carried by the said spacing block for movin the split nut members into and out of driving engagement with thelead screw, and means carried by the rear portion of said block for engaging and disengaging-the rear portion of the said arm thereby to lift the point-from engagement with the sheet on said table during the nonruling movement of the carriage and to place the ruling point in contact with such sheet during the ruling movement of said carriage, the means carried by the rear portion of the spacing block for engaging and disengaging the rear end'of the arm comprising a cam rotatably supported at the rear of the spacing block and having a portion adapted by rotation thereof in one direction to engage a projection? on the rear of the said arm and having another portion adapted, by rotation of the I earn in the opposite direction, to engage the rear disengagement from the lead screw during the rulin movement of the carriage.

8. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with a table having side rails, of a carriage mounted for reciprocatory movement along the said rails, a spacing block on said carriage and means on said carriage for slidably supporting the said block for movement transversely of the said table, an arm carried by said spacing block and projecting forwardly therefrom, a ruling point carried by said arm, a bed plate and means for supporting the same in operative relation to said carriage and said ruling point, a second arm also secured to the said spacing block and extending forwardly therefrom above the first mentioned arm, an indexing member adjustably supported by the second arm and provided with a fore-and-aft indexing line in a plane at right angles to the bed plate and including the operating end of the ruling point, and a rule having graduations thereon extending transversely of the bed plate and being supported by the said carriage in front of the second arm and in proximity to the indexing member thereon, the rule being polygonal in cross section and the faces whereof being graduated according to different scales of measurement and the said rule being removably supported whereby the indexing line may register with graduations on any of the faces of said rule.

HARRY EDELMANN. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 927,468 Stevens July 6, 1909 932,676 Brewster Aug. 31, 1909 977,829 Ourdan -1 Dec. 6, 1910 1,276,060 Hancock Aug. 20, 1918 1,331,966 Phinney et a1 Feb. 24, 1920 1,761,863 Bassist June 3, 1930 1,852,310 Klages et al Apr. 5, 1932 2,031,221 Mazzocco Feb. 18, 1936 2,034,529 Olsen Mar. 17, 1936 2,190,947 Kinzler Feb. 20, 1940 2,252,535 West et al Aug. 12, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 3,192 Great Britain Aug. 4, 1880 264,750 Great Britain Jan. 27, 1927 392,379 France Nov. 29, 1908 

